Mendeleev's Periodic Table > Tl - Thallium

Tl - Thallium

The toxic heavy metal thallium was discovered in 1861 by Crookes in London. When freshly exposed to air, thallium exhibits a metallic lustre, but soon develops a bluish-grey tinge, resembling lead in appearance. A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydroxide is formed. The metal is very soft and malleable. It can be cut with a knife. The element and its compounds are toxic and should be handled carefully. Thallium may cause cancer.

Atomic number	-	81		Density	g/mL	11	.85
Atomic weight	u	204	.37	Melting point	K	577
Bonding radius	A	1	.48	Boiling point	K	1746
Atomic radius	A	2	.08	Heat of vaporization	kJ/mol	164	.1
Ionization Potential	V	6	.108	Heat of fusion	kJ/mol	4	.142
Electronegativity	-	2	.04	Specific heat	J/gK	0	.13
The oxide is mildly basic.				Crystal are hexagonal.
Electron config. : [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹

Isotopes of Tl (Thallium):

MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	179 0.16 sec a,6.860 MeV Au-175 178.99165	179a 1.4 msec a,6.860 MeV Au-175 178.99165	180 1.9 sec a/EC/ECF,6.258 Au-176/Hg-180/? 179.99023	181 3.4 sec EC,8.500 MeV Hg-181 180.98690
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	182 3.1 sec a/EC,10.100 Au-178/Hg-182 181.98561	183 6.9 sec EC,7.600 MeV Hg-183 182.98260	183a 60 msec a,6.850 MeV Au-179 182.98314	184 11 sec a/EC,9.200 Au-180/Hg-184 183.98174
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	185 19.5 sec a/EC,6.600 Au-181/Hg-185 184.97906	186 27.5 sec a/EC,8.500 Au-182/Hg-186 185.97852	187 51 sec a/EC,5.900 Au-183/Hg-187 186.97616	188 71 sec EC,7.800 MeV Hg-188 187.97592
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	189 2.3 min EC,5.180 MeV Hg-189 188.97369	190 2.6 min EC,7.000 MeV Hg-190 189.97380	191 EC,4.490 MeV Hg-191 190.97188	192 9.6 min EC,6.120 MeV Hg-192 191.97214
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	193 21.6 min EC,3.640 MeV Hg-193 192.97055	194 33.0 min a/EC,5.280 Au-190/Hg-194 193.97105	195 1.16 hr EC,2.810 MeV Hg-195 194.96965	196 1.84 hr EC,4.380 MeV Hg-196 195.97050
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	197 2.84 hr EC,2.180 MeV Hg-197 196.96953	198 5.3 hr EC,3.460 MeV Hg-198 197.97046	199 7.42 hr EC,1.440 MeV Hg-199 198.96981	200 26.1 hr EC,2.456 MeV Hg-200 199.97094
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	201 72.912 hr EC,1.275 MeV Hg-201 200.97080	202 12.23 da EC,1.364 MeV Hg-202 201.97209	203 29.524% Stable 202.97232	204 3.78 yr B-/EC,3.800 Pb-204/Hg-204 203.97384
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	205 70.476% Stable 204.97441	206 4.199 min B-,1.533 MeV Pb-206 205.97609	207 4.77 min B-,1.423 MeV Pb-207 206.97740	208 3.053 min B-,5.001 MeV Pb-208 207.98200
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	209 2.20 min B-,3.980 MeV Pb-209 208.98534	210 1.30 min B-/B-n,5.484 Pb-210/Pb-209 209.99006

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