Mendeleev's Periodic Table > Ge - Germanium

Ge - Germanium

Germanium, discovered by Winkler in 1886 is used in semiconductors. The element is a gray-white metalloid, and in its pure state is crystalline and brittle, retaining its lustre in air at room temperature. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with an impurity of only one part in 10-10. Certain germanium compounds have a low mammalian toxicity, but a clear activity against certain bacteria, which makes them of interest as chemotherapeutic agents.

Atomic number - 32 Density g/mL 5 .32
Atomic weight u 72 .59 Melting point K 1210 .4
Bonding radius A 1 .22 Boiling point K 3107
Atomic radius A 1 .52 Heat of vaporization kJ/mol 330 .9
Ionization Potential V 7 .899 Heat of fusion kJ/mol 36 .94
Electronegativity - 2 .01 Specific heat J/gK 0 .32
The oxide is amphoteric. Crystal are face centered cubic.
Electron config. : [Ar] 3d10 4s24p2

Isotopes of Ge (Germanium):

MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 061
40 msec
EC/ECp,13.600
Ga-61/Zn-60
60.963821 		062
0.11 sec
EC,9.750 MeV
Ga-62
61.954653 		063
0.095 sec
EC,9.780 MeV
Ga-63
62.949640 		064
63.7 sec
EC,4.410 MeV
Ga-64
63.941577
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 065
30.9 sec
EC,6.240 MeV
Ga-65
64.939441 		066
2.26 hr
EC,2.100 MeV
Ga-66
65.933848 		067
18.9 min
EC,4.223 MeV
Ga-67
66.932738 		068
270.8 da
EC,2.921 MeV
Ga-68
67.928097
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 069
39.05 hr
EC,2.227 MeV
Ga-69
68.927971 		070 21.23%

Stable

69.924249 		071
11.43 da
EC,2.971 MeV
Ga-71
70.924953 		072 27.66%

Stable

71.922076
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 073 7.73%

Stable

72.923459 		074 35.94%

Stable

73.921178 		075
82.78 min
B-,1.176 MeV
As-75
74.922859 		076 7.44%

Stable

75.921402
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 077
11.30 hr
B-,2.702 MeV
As-77
76.923548 		077a
52.9 sec
B-,2.862 MeV
As-77
76.923720 		078
88.0 min
B-,8.200 MeV
As-78
77.922852 		079
18.98 sec
B-,4.150 MeV
As-79
78.925399
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 080
29.5 sec
B-,2.670 MeV
As-80
79.925444 		081
7.6 sec
B-,6.230 MeV
As-81
80.928824 		082
4.60 sec
B-,4.700 MeV
As-82
81.929554 		083
1.85 sec
B-,8.900 MeV
As-83
82.934513
MASS abundancy
Halflife
Particle, Energy
Decay Product(s)
Isotopic Mass		 084
0.947 sec
B-/B-n,7.700
As-84/As-83
83.937305 		085
0.54 sec
B-/B-n,4.600
As-85/As-84
84.942672


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