Mendeleev's Periodic Table > Ga - Gallium

Ga - Gallium

Gallium was discovered by Lecoq de Boisbaudrain in 1875 in Paris. Like mercury, caesium, and rubidium, which can be liquid near room temperatures; this makes possible its use in high-temperature thermometers. It has one of the longest liquid ranges of any metal and has a low vapour pressure even at high temperatures. Ultra-pure gallium has a shiny, silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits a conchoidal fracture similar to glass. The metal expands on solidifying. High-purity gallium is attacked only slowly by mineral acids. Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light and gallium arsenide is a key component of LEDs (light emitting diodes).

Atomic number	-	31		Density	g/mL	5	.91
Atomic weight	u	69	.72	Melting point	K	302	.9
Bonding radius	A	1	.26	Boiling point	K	2478
Atomic radius	A	1	.81	Heat of vaporization	kJ/mol	258	.7
Ionization Potential	V	5	.999	Heat of fusion	kJ/mol	5	.59
Electronegativity	-	1	.81	Specific heat	J/gK	0	.37
The oxide is amphoteric.				Crystal are orthorhombic.
Electron config. : [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Isotopes of Ga:

MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	061 0.15 sec EC,9.000 MeV Zn-61 60.949167	062 116.12 msec EC,9.170 MeV Zn-62 61.944175	063 32.4 sec EC,5.520 MeV Zn-63 62.939140	064 2.627 min EC,7.165 MeV Zn-64 63.936838
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	065 15.2 min EC,3.255 MeV Zn-65 64.932738	066 9.49 hr EC,5.175 MeV Zn-66 65.931591	067 3.2612 da EC,1.000 MeV Zn-67 66.928204	068 67.629 min EC,2.921 MeV Zn-68 67.927983
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	069 60.108% Stable 68.925580	070 21.14 min B-/EC,1.656 Ge-70/Zn-70 69.926027	071 39.892% Stable 70.924707	072 14.10 hr B-,4.001 MeV Ge-72 71.926371
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	073 4.86 hr B-,1.593 MeV Ge-73 72.925169	074 8.12 min B-,5.370 MeV Ge-74 73.926945	075 126 sec B-,3.392 MeV Ge-75 74.926500	076 32.6 sec B-,7.010 MeV Ge-76 75.928931
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	077 13.2 sec B-,5.340 MeV Ge-77 76.929285	078 5.09 sec B-,8.200 MeV Ge-78 77.931658	079 2.847 sec B-/B-n,7.000 Ge-79/Ge-78 78.932914	080 1.697 sec B-/B-n,10.380 Ge-80/Ge-79 79.936585
MASS abundancy Halflife Particle, Energy Decay Product(s) Isotopic Mass	081 1.217 sec B-/B-n,8.320 Ge-81/Ge-80 80.937755	082 0.599 sec B-/B-n,12.700 Ge-82/Ge-81 81.943209	083 0.31 sec B-/B-n,11.500 Ge-83/Ge-82 82.946859	084 85 msec B-/B-n,8.500 Ge-84/Ge-83 83.952334